When it comes to purchasing firewood, understanding measurements is essential to ensure you’re getting your money’s worth. A “cord” is the standard unit for measuring firewood, but many people aren’t quite sure how much wood that actually represents. We’ll demystify this common question and help you become a more informed buyer.
We’ve found that confusion about cord measurements often leads to customers overpaying or receiving less wood than expected. A full cord of firewood is a precisely defined amount—not just an arbitrary pile of logs. Whether you’re stocking up for winter, fueling your fireplace, or running a wood stove, knowing exactly what constitutes a cord will help you budget accurately and verify you’re receiving the correct amount of wood for your hard-earned money.
Understanding the Cord: The Standard Measurement for Firewood
A cord of firewood represents a exact volume measurement standardized in the United States and Canada. This official measurement equals 128 cubic feet of stacked wood, typically arranged in a pile 4 feet high, 8 feet long, and 4 feet deep. Many homeowners encounter this term when purchasing firewood for winter heating or outdoor enjoyment.
The cord measurement dates back to the 1600s when wood was sold bundled with a measuring cord, which eventually gave the unit its name. Unlike other wood measurements such as face cords or rick, the full cord remains consistent across regions and sellers.
Wood density varies significantly between tree species, affecting the weight of a cord. A cord of lighter woods like pine typically weighs 2,500 pounds, while denser hardwoods such as oak can weigh up to 5,000 pounds. This variance impacts both heating efficiency and value, with denser woods generally providing more heat energy per cord.
Regulations in most states require firewood sellers to use the cord or fractions of a cord when selling wood. This standardization protects consumers from deceptive practices and ensures transparency in firewood transactions. Reputable dealers always specify the exact cord measurement when quoting prices or delivering orders.
What Exactly Is a Cord of Firewood?
A cord of firewood represents a exact volumetric measurement used throughout the United States and Canada for quantifying firewood and pulpwood. The U.S. Department of Agriculture defines it as 128 cubic feet of wood stacked tightly with all pieces aligned parallel to each other.
Legal Definition and Dimensions
The standard legal dimensions of a cord consist of wood stacked 4 feet high, 8 feet wide, and 4 feet deep, creating the total 128 cubic feet volume. Wood pieces in a cord are typically cut to exact lengths for practical use, with 16 inches being a common length for residential fireplaces and wood stoves. This standardized measurement helps ensure consumers receive a consistent quantity of wood regardless of where they purchase it.
Volume and Weight Considerations
The volume of a full cord always equals 128 cubic feet, though the actual amount of solid wood varies based on stacking efficiency. Weight differs significantly depending on moisture content, with green (freshly cut) wood weighing approximately 4,800 pounds per cord compared to kiln-dried wood at around 3,600 pounds. A typical cord contains between 700 and 900 individual pieces of firewood when each piece measures about 18 inches in length. These variations in weight and piece count affect both transportation costs and burning efficiency, making them important considerations when purchasing firewood for home heating.
The Physical Amount of Wood in a Cord
A cord of firewood represents a standardized measurement of 128 cubic feet when stacked properly. This volume equates to wood arranged in dimensions of 4 feet high by 8 feet wide by 4 feet deep, with all logs aligned parallel to minimize gaps between pieces.
Number of Logs in a Typical Cord
The quantity of individual pieces in a cord varies significantly based on log length. A full cord typically contains between 600-900 pieces of firewood. Shorter logs measuring 12-14 inches result in approximately 800 individual pieces per cord. Standard firewood cut to 16-inch lengths yields around 700 pieces in a complete cord. Longer pieces ranging from 18-24 inches reduce the count to about 600-650 logs per cord. These variations occur because shorter logs create more individual pieces when filling the same cubic footage.
Factors Affecting Wood Volume in a Cord
Log length serves as the primary determinant of how many pieces make up a cord, with shorter lengths significantly increasing the piece count. Stacking method plays a crucial role in the effective volume, as loose arrangements create air gaps that reduce the actual amount of wood received. Wood type doesn’t affect volume measurement but impacts weight substantially—a cord can weigh anywhere from 3,000 to 5,000 pounds depending on species density and moisture content. Vendor practices introduce variability when non-standard terminology like “face cord” (measuring 4′ × 8′ × 16″ or approximately one-third of a full cord) is used instead of regulated measurements. Tight, parallel stacking remains essential for accurately measuring a true cord, as random or loosely stacked logs contain significantly more air space between pieces.
Different Types of Cords and Wood Measurements
Understanding the various measurements used for firewood helps buyers compare prices accurately and ensure they’re getting the right amount of wood. Different regions and sellers use exact terminology that can sometimes lead to confusion when purchasing firewood.
Full Cord vs. Face Cord
A full cord represents the standard measurement for firewood, containing exactly 128 cubic feet of stacked wood. This volume typically forms a pile measuring 4 feet high, 8 feet wide, and 4 feet deep. Every dimension matters when confirming you’ve received a complete cord of firewood. Face cords, in comparison, contain only 1/3 of a full cord’s volume at approximately 42.67 cubic feet. The typical face cord measures 4 feet high and 8 feet wide but only 16 inches deep instead of the full 4 feet depth. Many homeowners prefer purchasing face cords since they’re easier to transport and store than full cords. Half cords contain 64 cubic feet of wood, while quarter cords measure 32 cubic feet, providing options for different household needs.
Rick, Rank, and Other Regional Terms
Regional terminology creates additional complexity when purchasing firewood across different areas. “Rick” refers to a stack of wood that lacks standardized measurements, varying significantly by seller and location. Unlike the precisely defined cord, a rick’s dimensions change based on regional customs and dealer practices. “Rank” serves as another geographically exact term for wood stacks without universal definitions. Several other fractional measurements exist in the firewood market, including the half face cord, which equals approximately 1/6 of a full cord. These varying terms highlight the importance of clarifying exact dimensions rather than relying solely on regional terminology when buying firewood. Reputable dealers specify measurements in standardized units like full cords or precise cubic feet to avoid misunderstandings.
Buying Tips: Getting a Fair Cord of Firewood
Purchasing firewood can be confusing without proper knowledge of standard measurements. The key to getting your money’s worth lies in understanding what constitutes a true cord and knowing how to verify your purchase.
How to Measure Your Delivery
Calculating the volume of your firewood delivery ensures you’re receiving a full cord. Multiply the height × width × depth (in feet) of your stacked wood pile—a legitimate cord equals 128 cubic feet, typically arranged as 4’×8’×4′. Count the pieces in your delivery; a full cord contains approximately 600-800 individual logs when cut to 18-inch lengths, though this number varies based on log diameter and wood species. Creating a premeasured space (4’×4’×8′) before delivery provides an easy comparison point to confirm you’ve received the correct amount of wood.
Avoiding Common Seller Tricks
“Face cords” represent one of the most frequent measurement deceptions in firewood sales, equaling only 1/3 of a standard cord (4’×8’×16″ depth). Always confirm pricing relative to true cord measurements when encountering this terminology. Check the moisture content of your wood upon delivery—properly seasoned hardwood weighs between 2,000-3,000 pounds per cord, while heavier wood likely contains excess moisture that reduces burning efficiency. Request seasoned hardwoods like oak or maple for longer burn times compared to softwoods. Get all agreements in writing and verify measurements immediately upon delivery to protect yourself from shortages or quality issues.
Stacking and Storing Your Cord of Firewood
Proper storage and stacking techniques are essential for maintaining your firewood’s quality and ensuring you’re getting the full 128 cubic feet in a cord. These methods not only preserve your investment but also make it easier to access your wood throughout the burning season.
Efficient Stacking Methods
Stacking firewood correctly maximizes space and maintains the wood’s quality. Logs should be arranged in tight parallel alignment with minimal gaps between pieces to truly meet the standard 128-cubic-foot measurement. This parallel arrangement creates stability and allows for accurate measurement of your cord. For taller stacks, shorter log lengths (12-16 inches) provide better stability and prevent dangerous toppling. When organizing your stack in rows, ensure each piece fits snugly against adjacent logs to eliminate excess air space that can reduce the actual volume of wood you’re storing. A properly stacked cord typically contains 700-900 individual pieces when cut to the standard 18-inch length.
Space Requirements for Storage
Your storage area needs exact dimensions to accommodate a full cord of firewood properly. A complete cord requires a dedicated 4′ × 8′ area with a 4′ depth for storage. Face cords, being only one-third of a full cord (4′ × 8′ × 16″), need considerably less depth but still require the same width and height as a full cord. Storage location matters significantly for wood preservation—the area should be elevated off the ground to prevent moisture absorption from soil contact. Good ventilation around the stack promotes faster drying and prevents mold growth. A proper covering on top (but not completely enclosing the sides) protects from precipitation while allowing airflow. The weight of dry wood ranges from 2,000-3,000 pounds per cord, with hardwoods generally weighing more than softwoods due to their greater density.
Firewood Value: Heat Output Per Cord by Wood Type
The heat energy produced by a cord of firewood varies dramatically depending on the tree species. Understanding BTU (British Thermal Unit) ratings helps determine which wood types deliver the most heating value per cord.
Hardwoods vs. Softwoods
Hardwoods consistently outperform softwoods for home heating applications. Oak, maple, and ash produce significantly higher BTU outputs (20-30 million BTUs per cord) compared to softwoods like pine and spruce (12-18 million BTUs per cord). Dense hardwoods burn longer and produce more sustained heat, making them ideal primary heating sources during cold winter months. Their slower combustion rate means fewer trips to refill your stove or fireplace throughout the night. Softwoods ignite quickly due to their resin content but burn faster and generate less overall heat, making them better suited for kindling or milder weather when less intense heating is needed.
Best Woods for Your Heating Needs
Oak stands as the premier heating wood, delivering 24-30 million BTUs per cord with exceptional density and long-lasting burn characteristics. Maple represents another excellent choice, offering 20-25 million BTUs per cord with steady, consistent heat output and moderate smoke production. Birch provides 18-22 million BTUs per cord and ignites quickly while delivering moderate heat, making it versatile for various heating situations. Pine, while less efficient at 12-18 million BTUs per cord, serves well as kindling due to its fast-burning properties and high resin content that helps start fires quickly.
For primary home heating, we recommend using oak, hickory, or beech due to their high BTU ratings and minimal resin content that reduces creosote buildup. Ash and maple work excellently as secondary heating woods with efficient burning properties and lower maintenance requirements. Green or unseasoned wood should be avoided regardless of species, as excessive moisture drastically reduces heat output while increasing harmful creosote deposits in chimneys.
| Wood Type | BTUs per Cord (Millions) | Weight per Cord (Green) | Weight per Cord (Kiln-dried) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oak | 24-30 | ~4,800 lbs | ~3,600 lbs |
| Maple | 20-25 | ~4,800 lbs | ~3,600 lbs |
| Birch | 18-22 | ~4,800 lbs | ~3,600 lbs |
| Pine | 12-18 | ~4,800 lbs | ~3,600 lbs |
Conclusion
Knowing what a cord of firewood truly represents empowers you to make informed purchases and avoid common pitfalls in the firewood market. The standardized 128 cubic feet measurement serves as your protection against inconsistent terminology and potential shortchanging.
Remember that wood type impacts weight and heating efficiency but not volume. When buying firewood we recommend always specifying “full cord” rather than accepting regional terms that may vary in meaning.
For maximum value inspect your delivery carefully ensuring proper stacking tight alignment and the full dimensions you’re paying for. Proper storage will maintain your investment while choosing the right wood type for your needs will optimize your heating experience.
With this knowledge you’ll be well-equipped to navigate the firewood market confidently and keep your home warm efficiently all season long.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a cord of firewood?
A cord of firewood is a standard volume measurement equal to 128 cubic feet of stacked wood. It typically represents a pile 4 feet high, 8 feet long, and 4 feet deep, with all pieces stacked parallel and tightly together. This measurement is standardized throughout the United States and Canada to provide consistency in firewood sales.
How much does a cord of firewood weigh?
The weight of a cord varies significantly based on wood species and moisture content. Lighter woods like pine might weigh around 2,500 pounds per cord, while dense hardwoods like oak can weigh up to 5,000 pounds. Typically, green (freshly cut) wood weighs about 4,800 pounds per cord, while kiln-dried wood weighs approximately 3,600 pounds.
How many pieces of wood are in a cord?
A typical cord contains between 600-800 individual pieces of firewood when cut to standard lengths. Shorter logs (12-14 inches) yield approximately 800 pieces per cord, while standard 16-inch logs provide around 700 pieces. Longer logs (18-24 inches) reduce the count to about 600-650 pieces. The exact number varies based on log diameter and cutting precision.
What’s the difference between a cord and a face cord?
A full cord contains 128 cubic feet of stacked wood, while a face cord contains only about 42.67 cubic feet. A face cord has the same height (4′) and length (8′) as a full cord but with shorter log depth, typically 16 inches instead of 48 inches. This means a face cord is approximately one-third of a full cord, though exact dimensions can vary regionally.
Which type of wood provides the most heat per cord?
Hardwoods like oak, maple, and ash provide the highest heat output, ranging from 20-30 million BTUs per cord. Oak is considered the top choice for heating efficiency, followed by maple and birch. Softwoods like pine and spruce produce less heat (12-18 million BTUs per cord) and burn faster, making them better for kindling than primary heating.
How should I properly store a cord of firewood?
Store firewood in a dedicated 4′ × 8′ area with 4′ depth, stacked tightly with logs parallel to maximize space. Elevate the stack on pallets or beams to prevent ground moisture absorption, and ensure good airflow around the pile. Cover the top to protect from precipitation while leaving sides exposed for ventilation. Properly stored, seasoned wood maintains its quality and heating efficiency.
How can I verify I’m getting a full cord when purchasing?
Measure the stacked pile dimensions and calculate the volume (length × width × height). A full cord equals 128 cubic feet. Count the pieces—600-800 logs for standard lengths is typical. Ask for written confirmation of the quantity being delivered, and inspect immediately upon delivery. Be wary of sellers using terms like “truckload” or “face cord” without specifying exact dimensions.
What should I look for in quality firewood?
Look for properly seasoned wood (dried for at least 6-12 months) with moisture content below 20%. Quality firewood should have visible cracks at the ends and sound hollow when two pieces are knocked together. Choose hardwoods for longer burns and more heat. Avoid wood with signs of rot, mold, or insect infestation, and ensure pieces are cut to appropriate lengths for your heating appliance.
Why is wood measurement standardization important?
Standardization protects consumers from deceptive selling practices and ensures fair value. Most states legally require firewood to be sold by the cord or fractions of a cord. Without standardization, terms like “rick,” “rank,” or “face cord” can vary significantly between sellers, leading to confusion and potential overpayment for smaller quantities of wood than expected.
Can I burn green or unseasoned wood?
Burning green or unseasoned wood is not recommended. It contains high moisture content (over 20%), producing less heat while creating more smoke and creosote buildup in chimneys, which increases fire hazards. Unseasoned wood is also harder to light, burns inefficiently, and can cause excessive pollution. Always use properly seasoned wood for optimal heating performance and safety.